Icatibant

Icatibant (Firazyr) is a synthetic peptidomimetic drug consisting of ten amino acids, and acts as an effective and specific antagonist of bradykinin B2 receptors. It has been approved in the EU for use in hereditary angioedema, and is under investigation for a number of other conditions in which bradykinin is thought to play a significant role.

Goserelin Acetate

Goserelin acetate stimulates the production of the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen in a non-pulsatile (non-physiological) manner. This causes the disruption of the endogenous hormonal feedback systems, resulting in the down-regulation of testosterone and estrogen production.

GLP-1 (7-36) amide Acetate

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin derived from the transcription product of the proglucagon gene. The major source of GLP-1 in the body is the intestinal L cell that secretes GLP-1 as a gut hormone. Its physiological functions include promoting insulin sensitivity, decreasing food intake by increasing satiety in brain and increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner.

Terlipressin

Terlipressin is a synthetic triglycyllysine derivative of vasopressin with vasoconstrictive, antihemorrhagic, and antidiuretic properties. Upon intravenous administration, terlipressin, an inactive prodrug, is biotransformed to its active moiety, lysine vasopressin (LVP), a nonselective vasopressin analogue with affinity for vasopressin receptors V1 (V1a), V2 and V3 (V1b). As a V1 agonist, terlipressin increases systemic vascular resistance, particularly in the splanchnic area, resulting in a decrease of portal pressure. V1 binding also promotes platelet aggregation and glycogenolysis, while V3 binding induces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Compared to vasopressin, terlipressin has a minimal effect on V2 receptors, which are responsible for promotion of water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney via stimulation of cyclic AMP production.

Thymopentin Acetate

Thymopentin, also known as TP-5, is a synthetic derivative of thymopoietin, a thymic hormone, and has immunoregulatory properties. Thymopentin interacts with T cells, reduces endocrine and behavioral responses to experimental stress. It is also found to increase the number of cells undergoing apoptosis in irradiated cells and selectively bind to apoptotic cells.

Fertirelin Acetate

Fertirelin acetate is a potent LHRH agonist. After a transient increase, continuous administration results in downregulation of LH and FSH levels followed by a suppression of ovarian and testicular steroid biosynthesis.

Glucagon

Glucagon (Porcine glucagon) is a peptide hormone, produced by pancreatic α-cells. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis. Glucagon decreases the activity of HNF-4. Glucagon increases HNF4α phosphorylation.

Liraglutide

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aviptadil Acetate

Aviptadil, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), is a 28 amino acid neuropeptide that belongs to the glucagon-growth hormone-releasing factor secretion superfamily. Aviptadil acts as a potent systemic vasodilator and bronchodilator. It inhibits the proliferation of vascular and bronchial smooth muscle cells and decreases platelet aggregation. These biological effects are mediated by specific VIP receptors.

Elcatonin Acetate

Elcatonin acetate inhibits the absorption and autolysis of bones, thus leads to blood calcium descending. In addition, it inhibits the bone salts dissolving and transferring and promotes the excretion of calcium and phosphorus in urine.