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Amino acids are biologically important organic compounds which perform critical roles in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. They contain amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups as well as a side-chain (R group) specific to each amino acid usually. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements which are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. There are only 20 amino acids in the genetic code, and the 20 animo acids can be classified in many ways. They can be classified according to polarity (polar amino acids and no polar amino acids), pH level, and the type of side chain group, such as aliphatic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc. The amino acids reference charts are as follows.
20 amino acids structures and names.pdf
Amino Acids with Hydrophobic Side Chain – Aliphatic
Amino Acids with Hydrophobic Side Chain – Aromatic
Amino Acids with Polar Neutral Side Chains
Amino Acids with Electricaly Charged Side Chains – Acidic
Amino Acids with Electricaly Charged Side Chains – Basic
Unique Amino Acids
Properties of Common Amino Acids
Amino Acids with Hydrophobic Side Chain - Aliphatic
Alanine, Ala, A | Valine, Val, V | Leucine, Leu, L | Isoleucine, Ile, I |
Amino Acids with Hydrophobic Side Chain – Aromatic
Tryptophan, Trp, W | Tyrosine, Tyr, Y | Phenylalanine, Phe, F |
Amino Acids with Polar Neutral Side Chains
Asparagine, Asn, N | Cysteine, Cys, C | Glutamine, Gln, Q |
Methionine, Met, M | Serine, Ser, S | Threonine, Thr, T |
Amino Acids with Electricaly Charged Side Chains – Acidic
Aspartic acid, Asp, D | Glutamic acid, Glu, E |
Amino Acids with Electricaly Charged Side Chains – Basic
Arginine, Arg, R | Histidine, His, H | Lysine, Lys, K |
Unique Amino Acids
Glycine, Gly, G | Proline, Pro, P |
Properties of Common Amino Acids
3-Letter Symbol | 1-Letter Symbol | Name | Side Chains | Molecular Formula | CAS.No | Molecular weight | PI | PKa | PKb | R Group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gly | G | Glycine | Hydrophilic | C2H5NO2 | 56-40-6 | 75.07 | 6.06 | 2.4 | 9.8 | -H |
Ala | A | Alanine | Hydrophobic | C3H7NO2 | 56-41-7 | 89.09 | 6.11 | 2.4 | 9.9 | -CH₃ |
Val | V | Valine | Hydrophobic | C5H11NO2 | 72-18-4 | 117.2 | 6 | 2.4 | 9.7 | -CH-(CH3)2 |
Leu | L | Leucine | Hydrophobic | C6H13NO2 | 61-90-5 | 131.2 | 6.01 | 2.3 | 9.7 | -CH2-CH(CH3)2 |
Ile | I | Isoleucine | Hydrophobic | C6H13NO2 | 73-32-5 | 131.2 | 6.05 | 2.3 | 9.8 | -CH(CI3)-CI2-CI3 |
Phe | F | Phenylalanine | Hydrophobic | C9H11NO2 | 63-91-2 | 165.2 | 5.49 | 2.2 | 9.3 | -CH2-C6H5 |
Trp | W | Tryptophane | Hydrophobic | C11H12N2O2 | 73-22-3 | 204.2 | 5.89 | 2.5 | 9.4 | -C8NH6 |
Tyr | Y | Tyrosine | Hydrophobic | C9H11NO3 | 60-18-4 | 181.2 | 5.64 | 2.2 | 9.2 | -CH2-C6H4-OH |
Asp | D | Asparagine | Acidic | C4H7NO4 | 6899-03-2 | 133.1 | 2.85 | 2 | 9.9 | -CI2-COOH |
Asn | N | Aspartic acid | Hydrophilic | C4H8N2O3 | 70-47-3 | 132.1 | 5.41 | 2.1 | 8.7 | -CI2-CONH2 |
Glu | E | Glutamic acid | Acidic | C5H9NO4 | 56-86-0 | 147.1 | 3.15 | 2.1 | 9.5 | -(CH2)2-COOH |
Lys | K | Lysine | Basic | C6H14N2O2 | 56-87-1 | 146.2 | 9.6 | 2.2 | 9.1 | -(CH2)4-NH2 |
Gln | Q | Glutamine | Hydrophilic | C5H10N2O3 | 56-85-9 | 146.2 | 5.65 | 2.2 | 9.1 | -(CH2)2-CONH2 |
Met | M | Methionine | Hydrophobic | C5H11NO2S | 63-68-3 | 149.2 | 5.74 | 2.1 | 9.3 | -(CI2)-S-CI3 |
Ser | S | Serine | Hydrophilic | C3H7NO3 | 56-45-1 | 105.1 | 5.68 | 2.2 | 9.2 | -CI2-OH |
Thr | T | Threonine | Hydrophilic | C4H9NO3 | 72-19-5 | 119.1 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 9.1 | -CH(CI3)-OH |
Cys | C | Cysteine | Hydrophilic | C3H7NO2S | 52-90-4 | 121.2 | 5.05 | 1.9 | 11 | -CI2-SH |
Pro | P | Proline | Hydrophobic | C5H9NO2 | 147-85-3 | 115.1 | 6.3 | 2 | 11 | -C3H6 |
His | H | Hlstidine | Basic | C6H9N3O2 | 71-00-1 | 155.2 | 7.6 | 1.8 | 9.3 | |
Arg | R | Argnine | Basic | C6H14N4O2 | 74-79-3 | 174.2 | 10.8 | 1.8 | 9 |
PI is the pH of the isoelectric point
PKa is the negative of the logarithm of the dissociation constant for the -COOH group
PKb is the negative of the logarithm of the dissociation constant for the –NH3+ group
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