Gap19

Connexin-43 (Cx43) is a cardiac connexin involved with gap junction formation, the gap junctions facilitate the exchange of ions and metabolites between cytoplasm and extracellular milieu. Gap19, as selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker, has cardioprotective properties.

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CAT#	R0895
CAS	1507930-57-5
Background	Gap19, a nonapeptide derived from the cytoplasmic loop of Cx43, inhibits astroglial Cx43 hemichannels in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting gap junction channels. This peptide, which not only selectively inhibits hemichannels but is also specific for Cx43, can be delivered in vivo in mice as TAT-Gap19, and displays penetration into the brain parenchyma. As a result, Gap19 combined with other tools opens up new avenues to decipher the role of Cx43 hemichannels in interactions between astrocytes and neurons in physiological as well as pathological situations. >> Read More
Synonyms/Alias	KQIEIKKFK
M.F/Formula	C55H96N14O13
M.W/Mr.	1161.45
Sequence	KQIEIKKFK
Labeling Target	Connexin 43 (cx43)
Application	Selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker; has no effect on gap junction coupling or Panx-1 channels. Reduces mitochondrial potassium influx in cardiomyocytes and attenuates glutamate-triggered ATP release in primary astrocytes. Modestly reduces infarct size in a mouse ischemia model.
Purity	>98%
Activity	Blocker

CAT#	Product Name	M.W	Molecular Formula	Inquiry
R0837	pep4c	1146.42	C48H91N17O13S	Inquiry
R0842	PDZ1 Domain inhibitor peptide	819.95	C38H61N9O11	Inquiry
R0843	Rac1 Inhibitor F56, control peptide	1632.89	C72H116N18O23S	Inquiry
R0846	cGMP Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Peptide	943.12	C38H74N18O10	Inquiry

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Storage	-20°C
Long-term Storage Conditions	-20 °C
InChI	InChI=1S/C55H96N14O13/c1-5-33(3)45(69-51(77)40(25-27-44(71)72)65-54(80)46(34(4)6-2)68-50(76)39(24-26-43(61)70)62-47(73)36(60)20-10-14-28-56)53(79)64-38(22-12-16-30-58)48(74)63-37(21-11-15-29-57)49(75)67-42(32-35-18-8-7-9-19-35)52(78)66-41(55(81)82)23-13-17-31-59/h7-9,18-19,33-34,36-42,45-46H,5-6,10-17,20-32,56-60H2,1-4H3,(H2,61,70)(H,62,73)(H,63,74)(H,64,79)(H,65,80)(H,66,78)(H,67,75)(H,68,76)(H,69,77)(H,71,72)(H,81,82)/t33-,34-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42-,45-,46-/m0/s1
InChI Key	IEAKEKFIXUZWEH-PKMKMBMKSA-N
Isomeric SMILES	CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N
References	In line with this, we found that Gap19 did not inhibit gap junction coupling in astrocytes as measured with dye transfer assays. At the same time, however, Gap19 strongly inhibited Cx43 hemichannels as exemplified by ATP release and dye uptake assays. Finally, we provide evidence that the TAT version of Gap19 is able to cross the intact blood-brain barrier indicating that this peptide can be used to block astroglial Cx43 hemichannel activity when applied through a vascular route. The connexin43 mimetic peptide Gap19 inhibits hemichannels without altering gap junctional communication in astrocytes Gap 19 inhibits Cx43 hemichannels without blocking GJ channels or Cx40/pannexin-1 hemichannels. Hemichannel inhibition is due to the binding of Gap19 to the C-terminus (CT) thereby preventing intramolecular CT–CL interactions. The peptide inhibited Cx43 hemichannel unitary currents in both HeLa cells exogenously expressing Cx43 and acutely isolated pig ventricular cardiomyocytes. Treatment with Gap19 prevented metabolic inhibition-enhanced hemichannel openings, protected cardiomyocytes against volume overload and cell death following ischemia/reperfusion in vitro and modestly decreased the infarct size after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in mice in vivo. Selective inhibition of Cx43 hemichannels by Gap19 and its impact on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury