Neuroendocrine Regulatory Peptide
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Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-1 (NERP-1) and neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-2 (NERP-2) are derived from different regions of neurosecretory protein VGF. VGF is the product of nerve growth factor response gene in rat PC12 cells. The amino acid length of human NERP-1 was 26 and that of rat NERP-1 was 25. Both human and rat NERP-2 are 38 amino acid residues. NERPs and vasopressin were co-located in the storage granules of the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of rat and human. NERPs inhibited the release of vasopressin from hypothalamus and pituitary induced by hypertonic saline or angiotensin Ⅱ. Therefore, VGF is the precursor of a variety of bioactive peptides with different neuroendocrine functions. NERPs is a new hypothalamic peptide, which is involved in regulating the dynamic balance of body fluid by regulating the release of vasopressin.
Mode of Action
Dr. Masamitsu reported that NERP-1 and-2 may have a local regulatory effect on the human endocrine system and clearly demonstrate the expression of NERP-1 and-2 in human pancreatic islets. Based on these data, related studies have shown that when INS1 cells and primary rat islets were incubated with 10 nM NERPs for three days, NERP-1 and NERP-2 inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. NERP-1 and NERP-2 reduced the number of insulin particles released from the easy-to-release pool associated with the first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin release. NERP-2 can down-regulate the expression of insulin granule-associated protein and mRNA. NERP-2 decreased the expression of β2/NeuroD and insulin and controlled the nuclear and cytoplasmic translocation of FOXO1 and Pdx-1. Therefore, NERP-2 may play an important role in insulin secretion by regulating insulin secretory granules and β-cell transcription factors.
Function
Neuroendocrine regulatory peptides are derived from neurosecretory protein VGF, which may play a role in regulating energy balance, metabolism, and synaptic plasticity, but their functions are rarely studied. The existence of NERP-1 and NERP-2 peptides in rat hypothalamic nucleus was further identified by NERP-1 and NERP-2 specific antiserum, and the expression of NERP-1 and NERP-2 in rat hypothalamic nucleus was studied. In addition, NERPs is co-located with vasopressin, which controls renal excretion, thus providing clues to the biological activity of these new peptides. NERPs can inhibit the release of vasopressin, which can be reversed by NERPs antiserum.
References
- Kim, J. W., Rhee, M., Park, J. H., Yamaguchi, H., Sasaki, K., Minamino, N., ... & Yoon, K. H. (2015). Chronic effects of neuroendocrine regulatory peptide (NERP-1 and-2) on insulin secretion and gene expression in pancreatic β-cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 457(2), 148-153.
- Chernysh, S. I. (2018). Neuroendocrine system in insect stress. In Hormones and metabolism in insect stress (pp. 69-98). CRC Press.
