The factors of skin aging
The skin is one of the largest organs of the body. In many cases, as the person's age changes, the cell's cellular and/or neuromuscular components change, and this change causes the overall appearance of the skin to change. There are three main factors that affect the composition of the skin and ultimately its appearance; these include: the environment, age-related cellular breakdown, and the extent of repetitive contraction of the muscles underlying the skin. The skin is composed of several layers. Youthful skin is typically pliable, resilient, and thereby poses a stringent barrier to the harmful effects of the environment. With aging and exposure to the environment, the keratinocytes, fibroblast, laminin, and/or nerve cells present in the various layers of the skin become degraded. Their regeneration slows, and their functionality is compromised. When this happens the extracellular matrix surrounding the various cells of the skin breaks down and/or neurotransmission slows. In such instances, the function of the permeability barrier to both prevent the passage of various substances such as microorganisms, chemicals and allergens, and minimize transepidermal water loss may be compromised, and thus, with exposure and aging, the skin may lose its ability to protect the body from infection and dehydration. Such a compromise may cause the skin to look rough, old, and wrinkled. Therefore, we need some active agents within cosmetic compositions to enter the epidermis and/or the dermis of the skin, such as a protein and/or peptide composition.
The mechanism and effect of Myristoyl Octapeptide-1
Myristoyl Octapeptide-1, commonly known as SymPeptide™ 239, is a synthetic peptide contaning arginine, serine and valine residues. It may be used alone or in combination with one or more of other peptides. Myristoyl Octapeptide-1 is an oligopeptide that functions to promote the differentiation and proliferation of fibroblasts within the layers of the skin. There is study suggesting that Myristoyl Octapeptide-1 functions as an agent promoting matrix remodeling, tissue repair, and wound healing by increasing cellular proliferation of skin cells and thereby dermis densification. For instance, by promoting fibroblast production and proliferation, Myristoyl Octapeptide-1 enhances densification of both the epidermis and dermis via increasing the number of cell layers. Specifically, Myristoyl Octapeptide-1 promotes the rejuvenation of the basement membrane and/or dermis by effectuating an increase in the synthesis of fibroblasts, which promotes matrix remodeling and the strengthening of the connection between the layers of the skin. In this manner, Myristoyl Octapeptide-1 improves skin compactness and smoothness by increasing the number of cell layers and strengthening the framework of the extracellular matrix, which in turn protects the skin from harmful environmental factors, enhances resiliency and vibrancy of the skin, and reduces the effects of aging. Furthermore, it has been found that by being formulated in a composition in combination with Hexapeptide-10, Myristoyl Octapeptide-1 acts synergistically with Hexapeptide-10 to increase cellular density and thereby to further rejuvenate the skin, giving an increased youthful appearance.
In conclusion, Myristoyl Octapeptide-1 has anti-wrinkle and anti-aging effects, helping restore skin elasticity, firm the skin and reduce fine lines. It also promotes the growth of new eyelashes. As a result, it is widely used in various cosmetics, such as Peter Thomas Roth FIRMx Contouring Face and Neck Cream with V-Neck Tool, Elizabeth Arden Prevage Clinical Lash and Brow Enhancing Serum, and Glowbiotics Ultimate Youth Restoring Serum.
References:
1. Roth, P. T. (2011). U.S. Patent Application No. 12/848,900.
2. Montiel, A. V. F., Doménech, N. A., Puche, J. C., Van Den Nest, W., Serraïma, C. C., & GONZÁLEZ, R. D. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,458,194. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
3. Tabuchi, M., Okamoto, H., Furutani, T., Azuma, M., Ooshima, H., Otake, T & Kato, J. (1997). Inhibition of octapeptide N-myristoylation by acyl amino acids and acyl alkanolamines. Journal of enzyme inhibition, 12(1), 27-36.
