Etomidate

Etomidate (USAN, INN, BAN) (marketed as Amidate) is a short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent used for the induction of general anaesthesia and sedation for short procedures such as reduction of dislocated joints, tracheal intubation, and cardioversion.

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CAT#	10-101-136
CAS	33125-97-2 (net)
Background	Etomidate is an imidazole derivative with short-acting sedative, hypnotic, and general anesthetic properties. Etomidate appears to have gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) like effects, mediated through GABA-A receptor. The action enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on the central nervous system by causing chloride channel opening events which leads to membrane hyperpolarization. >> Read More
Synonyms/Alias	1-[(1R)-1-Phenylethyl]-1Himidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (+)-Ethyl 1-(α-methyl-benzyl)-imidazole-5-carboxylate
M.F/Formula	C14H16N2O2
M.W/Mr.	244.29
Labeling Target	GABA-A receptor
Application	Etomidate is used for conscious sedation and anaesthetics.
Appearance	Solid powder
Purity	>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Activity	Agonist
Areas of Interest	Cardiovascular System & Diseases Pituitary & Hypothalamic Hormones
Functions	Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Target	GABA Receptor

CAT#	Product Name	M.W	Molecular Formula	Inquiry
10-101-62	Ziconotide	2639.13	C102H172N36O32S7	Inquiry
10-101-84	Felypressin Acetate	1100.278	C48H69N13O13S2	Inquiry

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Source#	Synthetic
Solubility	Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shipping Condition	Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Short-term Storage Conditions	Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 °C
Long-term Storage Conditions	-20 °C
Organism	Human
InChI	InChI=1S/C14H16N2O2/c1-3-18-14(17)13-9-15-10-16(13)11(2)12-7-5-4-6-8-12/h4-11H,3H2,1-2H3/t11-/m1/s1
InChI Key	NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N
Canonical SMILES	C1C[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSCCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2C1)CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)CC(=O)O)CCCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N
Isomeric SMILES	CCOC(=O)C1=CN=CN1[C@H](C)C2=CC=CC=C2
BoilingPoint	391.5±17.0 °C at 760 mmHg
ShelfLife	>2 years if stored properly
References	This review focuses on the unique clinical and molecular pharmacology of etomidate. Among general anesthesia induction drugs, etomidate is the only imidazole, and it has the most favorable therapeutic index for single bolus administration. It also produces a unique toxicity among anesthetic drugs-- inhibition of adrenal steroid synthesis that far outlasts its hypnotic action and that may reduce survival of critically ill patients. The major molecular targets mediating anesthetic effects of etomidate in the central nervous system are specific γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subtypes. Amino acids forming etomidate binding sites have been identified in transmembrane domains of these proteins. Etomidate binding site structure models for the main enzyme mediating etomidate adrenotoxicity have also been developed. Based on this deepening understanding of molecular targets and actions, new etomidate derivatives are being investigated as potentially improved sedative-hypnotics or for use as highly selective inhibitors of adrenal steroid synthesis. Forman, S. A. (2011). Clinical and molecular pharmacology of etomidate. Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 114(3), 695-707. Etomidate is an intravenous anesthetic agent released for clinical use in the United States in 1972. Its popularity in clinical practice is the result of its beneficial effects on intracerebral dynamics with limited effects on hemodynamic function. These properties have made it a safe and effective anesthetic induction agent in both adult and pediatric patients with altered myocardial performance, congenial heart disease, or hypovolemia. However, recent concern has been expressed regarding its effects on the endogenous production of corticosteroids and the impact of that effect on patient outcomes. The following manuscript reviews clinical reports regarding etomidate use in the pediatric population and discusses recent concerns regarding its effects on corticosteroid metabolism and the implications of such effects for clinical use. Tobias, J. D. (2015). Etomidate in pediatric anesthesiology: Where are we now?. Saudi journal of anaesthesia, 9(4), 451.
Melting Point	72-74ºC