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Acetylcysteine Ph. Eur.

Acetylcysteine is also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC. It is the N-acetyl derivative of cysteine. NAC is essentially a prodrug that is converted to cysteine (in the intestine by the enzyme aminoacylase 1) and absorbed in the intestine into the blood stream. Cysteine is a key constituent to glutathione and hence administration of acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores. Acetylcysteine can also be used as a general antioxidant which can help mitigate symptoms for a variety of diseases exacerbated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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CAT No: 10-101-106

CAS No: 616-91-1

Synonyms/Alias: N-Acetyl-L-cysteine; NAC; L-α-Acetamido-β-mercaptopropionic acid; NSC-111180

Chemical Name: (2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid

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Specification Technical Data Publications Customer reviews and Q&A
M.F/FormulaC5H9NO3S
M.W/Mr.163.2
SequenceOne Letter Code: C
Three Letter Code: Ac-Cys-OH
Labeling TargetGlutathione synthetase; Cystine/glutamate transporter
ApplicationAcute and chronic bronchitis, laryngitis, tracheitis or sinusitisPulmonary complications of cystic fibrosisParacetamol overdose
Show alternative translations
AppearanceSolid powder
Purity>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
ActivityStimulator; Activator
Areas of InterestNeurological Disease
FunctionsMetallopeptidase activity;
Cystine:glutamate antiporter activity
Source#Synthetic
Long-term Storage ConditionsSoluble in DMSO
Shipping ConditionShipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Short-term Storage ConditionsDry, dark and at 0 - 4 °C
Solubility-20 °C
Formatneat
OrganismHuman
InChIInChI=1S/C5H9NO3S/c1-3(7)6-4(2-10)5(8)9/h4,10H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1
InChI KeyPWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N
Canonical SMILESCC(C)C(C)(C(=O)O)NC(=O)OCC1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C13
Isomeric SMILESCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O
BoilingPoint407.7±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
ShelfLife>2 years if stored properly
References

There is an expanding field of research investigating the benefits of alternatives to current pharmacological therapies in psychiatry. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is emerging as a useful agent in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Like many therapies, the clinical origins of NAC are far removed from its current use in psychiatry. Whereas the mechanisms of NAC are only beginning to be understood, it is likely that NAC is exerting benefits beyond being a precursor to the antioxidant, glutathione, modulating glutamatergic, neurotropic and inflammatory pathways. This review outlines the current literature regarding the use of NAC in disorders including addiction, compulsive and grooming disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. N-acetylcysteine has shown promising results in populations with these disorders, including those in whom treatment efficacy has previously been limited. The therapeutic potential of this acetylated amino acid is beginning to emerge in the field of psychiatric research.

Dean O, Giorlando F, Berk M. N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action[J]. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN, 2011, 36(2): 78.

Melting Point106-108?°C(lit.)

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