Acetylcysteine Ph. Eur.

Acetylcysteine is also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC. It is the N-acetyl derivative of cysteine. NAC is essentially a prodrug that is converted to cysteine (in the intestine by the enzyme aminoacylase 1) and absorbed in the intestine into the blood stream. Cysteine is a key constituent to glutathione and hence administration of acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores. Acetylcysteine can also be used as a general antioxidant which can help mitigate symptoms for a variety of diseases exacerbated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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CAT#	10-101-106
CAS	616-91-1
Background	Acetylcysteine?is an Antidote, and Antidote for?Acetaminophen?Overdose, and Mucolytic. The mechanism of action of?acetylcysteine?is as a Reduction Activity. The physiologic effect of?acetylcysteine?is by means of Decreased Respiratory Secretion Viscosity, and Increased?Glutathione?Concentration.
Synonyms/Alias	N-Acetyl-L-cysteine; NAC; L-α-Acetamido-β-mercaptopropionic acid; NSC-111180
Chemical Name	(2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
M.F/Formula	C5H9NO3S
M.W/Mr.	163.2
Sequence	One Letter Code: C Three Letter Code: Ac-Cys-OH
Labeling Target	Glutathione synthetase; Cystine/glutamate transporter
Application	Acute and chronic bronchitis, laryngitis, tracheitis or sinusitisPulmonary complications of cystic fibrosisParacetamol overdose Show alternative translations
Appearance	Solid powder
Purity	>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Activity	Stimulator; Activator
Areas of Interest	Neurological Disease
Functions	Metallopeptidase activity; Cystine:glutamate antiporter activity

CAT#	Product Name	M.W	Molecular Formula	Inquiry
10-101-02	Alarelin acetate	1287.44	C60H86N16O16	Inquiry
10-101-06	Bivalirudin Trifluoroacetate	2180.32	C98H138N24O33	Inquiry
10-101-67	Afamelanotide acetate	1646.85	C78H111N21O19	Inquiry

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Source#	Synthetic
Solubility	Soluble in DMSO
Shipping Condition	Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Short-term Storage Conditions	Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 °C
Long-term Storage Conditions	-20 °C
Format	neat
Organism	Human
InChI	InChI=1S/C5H9NO3S/c1-3(7)6-4(2-10)5(8)9/h4,10H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1
InChI Key	PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N
Canonical SMILES	CC(C)C(C)(C(=O)O)NC(=O)OCC1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C13
Isomeric SMILES	CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O
BoilingPoint	407.7±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
ShelfLife	>2 years if stored properly
References	There is an expanding field of research investigating the benefits of alternatives to current pharmacological therapies in psychiatry. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is emerging as a useful agent in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Like many therapies, the clinical origins of NAC are far removed from its current use in psychiatry. Whereas the mechanisms of NAC are only beginning to be understood, it is likely that NAC is exerting benefits beyond being a precursor to the antioxidant, glutathione, modulating glutamatergic, neurotropic and inflammatory pathways. This review outlines the current literature regarding the use of NAC in disorders including addiction, compulsive and grooming disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. N-acetylcysteine has shown promising results in populations with these disorders, including those in whom treatment efficacy has previously been limited. The therapeutic potential of this acetylated amino acid is beginning to emerge in the field of psychiatric research. Dean O, Giorlando F, Berk M. N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action[J]. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN, 2011, 36(2): 78.
Melting Point	106-108?°C(lit.)