GLP-1 (7-36) amide Acetate

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin derived from the transcription product of the proglucagon gene. The major source of GLP-1 in the body is the intestinal L cell that secretes GLP-1 as a gut hormone. Its physiological functions include promoting insulin sensitivity, decreasing food intake by increasing satiety in brain and increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner.

Glucagon

Glucagon (Porcine glucagon) is a peptide hormone, produced by pancreatic α-cells. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis. Glucagon decreases the activity of HNF-4. Glucagon increases HNF4α phosphorylation.

Deslorelin

Deslorelin is a gonadotropin releasing hormone super-agonist (GnRH agonist) also known as an LHRH agonist. It stops the production of sex hormones (testosterone and oestrogen). It is currently approved for use in veterinary medicine and is used to induce ovulation in mares as part of the artificial insemination process. It is also used to stabilize high-risk pregnancies, mainly of livestock. Unlike other GnRH agonists, which are mainly used to inhibit luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone by their ultimate downregulation of the pituitary gland.

Exenatide

Exendin-4 (exenatide), a 39-amino acid peptide originally isolated from the salivary glands of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum), differs from exendin-3 only in two positions close to the N-terminus. Application of exenatide causes an increase in acinar cAMP without stimulating amylase release. As an incretin mimetic, exenatide acts as agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor. As GLP-1, though with prolonged activity, exenatide augments the postprandial production of insulin and suppresses secretion of glucagon. For this reason, exenatide has found use as a medication of diabetes II.

Angiotensin II

Angiotensin II human (Angiotensin II) is a vasoconstrictor that mainly acts on the AT1 receptor. Angiotensin II human stimulates sympathetic nervous stimulation, increases aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. Angiotensin II human induces growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, increases collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. Angiotensin II human also induces apoptosis.

Lanreotide Acetate

Lanreotide is a a synthetic cyclic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin. Lanreotide inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH) by binding to pituitary somatostatin receptors, and may inhibit the release of various other hormones, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the gastroenteropancreatic hormones insulin, glucagon and gastrin.

Bivalirudin

Bivalirudin, a peptide anticoagulant, is a direct thrombin inhibitor for anticoagulation in the setting of invasive cardiology, particularly percutaneous coronary intervention.

Octreotide Acetate

Octreotide is a somatostatin analog that binds to the somatostatin receptor, mainly subtypes 2, 3, and 5, increases Gi activity, and reduces intracellular cAMP production.

Angiotensin II Acetate

Angiotensin II is an octapeptide that produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is mediated by AT1 and AT2 receptors, which are seven transmembrane glycoproteins with 30% sequence similarity.

Teriparatide Acetate

Teriparatide(recombinant human parathyroid hormone) /PTH (1-34) (human) corresponds to the N-terminal part of human parathyroid hormone, a peptide consisting of 84 amino acids.