PT-141, also called as Bremelanotide, is a derivative for Melanotan 2 (M2). Unlike M2, PT-141 lacks C-terminal amide molecules. PT-141, a synthetic cyclic hepta-peptide lactam derivative of alpha-Me
Thymosin
Thymosin is a hormone secreted from the thymus. This is the reason why it is named Thymosin. But most are now known to be present in many other tissues. Its primary function is to stimulate
Introduction The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) family includes three endogenous peptides: PP, peptides-neuropeptide Y (NYP) and peptide YY (PYY)-all of which have been localized to both central and peri
Introduction Glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly, GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in animal tissues, at 0.1-10 mM, as well as in plants and microorganisms. Glutathione exists in two different forms: red
Discovery and Structure Calcitonin, also called thyrocalcitonin, a protein hormone synthesized and secreted in humans and other mammals primarily by parafollicular cells (C cell) in the thyroid gland.
Basic information Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin used in the treatment of central diabetes insipidus and nocturnal ensuresis and as a haemostatic agent. T
The Discovery of Somatostatin Somatostatin (SS) is an endogenous peptide hormone isolated, purified and characterized in 1973 from almost 500,000 sheep hypothalamic fragment. The molecule is a 14-amin
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-depended insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are the two peptides that have been confirmed to act as incretin hormones to date. GIP was the first incretin horm
Octreotide, a long-acting structural derivative of somatostatins, is a synthetic peptide analog of somatostatin with the same pharmacologic effects. Octreotide is a cyclic octapeptide containing two D
Brief information of bombesin Bombesin is a tetradecapeptide which was originally isolated from Bombina Bombina frog skin then later found to have a wide distribution and range action in mammals. Bomb
Overview of the kinin system Kinins are peptide hormones that are formed as part of the kinin-kallikrein system (KKS). kinin peptides are potent vasodilators and also promote diuresis and natriuresis.
Peptides are the ideal drug molecules because of their high affinity, high selectivity, low toxicity, and easy synthesis. Scientists have also developed novel peptide drugs that can treat multiple dis
5. Synthetic Peptides Targeting CD36 Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced InflammationSynthetic amphipathic helical peptides (SAHPs) designed as apolipoprotein A-I mimetics are known to bind to class
Trimetazidine is a partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitor that inhibits 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase, one of the enzymes of fatty acid ß-oxidation. This results in an increase in glucose oxidation. In pres
Since the discovery of Substance P (SP) in the early 1930s, its pharmacological actions have been extensively studied. SP has been identified as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the central ne
Brief information of orexin peptide The past several years have provided important insights into the physiological significance of the central orexin system. The orexin peptides, orexin-A and orexin-B
Insulin was discovered by Banting and Best in 1921. Soon afterwards manufacturing processes were developed to extract the insulin from porcine and bovine pancreas. From 1921 to 1980, efforts were dire
Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone that is synthesized in pancreatic α cells from the proglucagon precursor by prohormone convertase 2 (PC2). The primary structure of glucagon is identical in
The mammalian precursor gene proglucagon, which contains the glucagon sequence together with two structurally related glucagon-like peptides, glucagonlike peptides-1 and -2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2), is found
What is abaloparatide? Abaloparatide (formerly known as BA058) is an investigational analog of human PTHrP (1-34) being developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. The amino-acid sequence of abalopar
