Terlipressin

Terlipressin is a synthetic triglycyllysine derivative of vasopressin with vasoconstrictive, antihemorrhagic, and antidiuretic properties. Upon intravenous administration, terlipressin, an inactive prodrug, is biotransformed to its active moiety, lysine vasopressin (LVP), a nonselective vasopressin analogue with affinity for vasopressin receptors V1 (V1a), V2 and V3 (V1b). As a V1 agonist, terlipressin increases systemic vascular resistance, particularly in the splanchnic area, resulting in a decrease of portal pressure. V1 binding also promotes platelet aggregation and glycogenolysis, while V3 binding induces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Compared to vasopressin, terlipressin has a minimal effect on V2 receptors, which are responsible for promotion of water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney via stimulation of cyclic AMP production.

Antide

Antide acetate (Ac-AA10-NH2) is an LHRH antagonist and represses LH and FSH release from the pituitary gland. It shows a high antiovulatory activity and releases negligible histamine.

Angiotensin II

Angiotensin II human (Angiotensin II) is a vasoconstrictor that mainly acts on the AT1 receptor. Angiotensin II human stimulates sympathetic nervous stimulation, increases aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. Angiotensin II human induces growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, increases collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. Angiotensin II human also induces apoptosis.

Glucagon

Glucagon (Porcine glucagon) is a peptide hormone, produced by pancreatic α-cells. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis. Glucagon decreases the activity of HNF-4. Glucagon increases HNF4α phosphorylation.

Degarelix

Degarelix (INN) or degarelix acetate (USAN) (trade name Firmagon) has an immediate onset of action, binding to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors in the pituitary gland and blocking their interaction with GnRH. This induces a fast and profound reduction in luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and in turn, testosterone suppression. Testosterone is a male hormone that promotes growth of many prostate tumours..

Enfuvirtide

Enfuvirtide is a 36 amino acid peptide corresponding to a region of gp41, the transmembrane subunit of HIV-1 envelope protein. It belongs to the therapeutic class of fusion inhibitors and acts by binding to gp41 and impeding the conformational changes in gp41 necessary for fusion of the virus with the cell.

Abarelix

Abarelix is a synthetic decapeptide antagonist to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). It directly and competitively binds and blocks the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors in the anterior pituitary, which inhibits the secretion and release of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). For men, the inhibition of LH secretion prevents the release of testosterone. Therefore, it can relieve symptoms associated with prostate hypertrophy or prostate cancer.

Histrelin Acetate

Histrelin acetate is a potent LHRH agonist. After a transient increase, continuous administration results in downregulation of LH and FSH levels followed by a suppression of ovarian and testicular steroid biosynthesis.

Liraglutide

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Argipressin

Vasopressin, also known as arginine vasopressin (AVP), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or argipressin, is a neurohypophysial hormone found in most mammals. Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels.