Keratinocyte Growth Factor(KGF) Related Peptides
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Introduction
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), named fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7), a member of FGF family, is first isolated from the conditioned medium of the human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line, which is purified as a monomeric polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 26-28 kDa. KGF is a strong affinity for Heparin and mainly synthesized by mesenchymal cells. And unlike other FGFs, KGF only acts on epithelial cells while it has no effect on fibroblasts and endothelial cells. KGF receptor (KGFR), a member of the tyrosine kinase receptors family including FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4, is encoded by IIIb variants of the BEK/FGFR2 gene (FGFR2b), which is expressed exclusively by various types of epithelial cells. it has been extensively proved that KGF exerts its biological functions through binding to its specific receptor KGFR, including stimulating cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in response to injury and tissue repair, especially also correlating with the development of the tumor.
Mechanism of KGF
KGF has a wide range of biological activities which is expressed not only in embryonic lung fibroblasts but also in stromal cells derived from various organs. Its receptor KGFR is expressed in epithelial cells. KGF acts on epithelial cells by paracrine, homologous or heterodimerization of the receptor may be caused when KGF binding to its receptor, resulting in activation of the tyrosine kinase domain in the receptor's intracellular domain, making auto-phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the dimer and activing downstream intracellular signal transduction system target molecules and proteins, and then through a series of cascade reactions is achieved through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to exert its biological effects.
Application of KGF
Owing to the special propertied of stimulating cell growth and proliferation of KGF, which has obvious protection and tissue repair effects on tissue damage caused by many damage factors and applied into the adjuvant therapy of burns, trauma and chronic ulcers. In addition, recombinant KGF has been used to treat oral mucositis caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with blood or head and neck cancer. Furthermore, KGF has different effects on the regulation of cancer and considering that KGF/KGFR is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Therefore, KGFR-specific antibodies have provided another new target for future anti-cancer treatment.
References
- Rubin, J. S., Osada, H., Finch, P. W., Taylor, W. G., Rudikoff, S., & Aaronson, S. A. (1989). Purification and characterization of a newly identified growth factor specific for epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86(3), 802-806.
- Ceccarelli, S., Romano, F., Angeloni, A., & Marchese, C. (2012). Potential dual role of kgf/kgfr as a target option in novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers and mucosal damages. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 16(4), 377-393.
- Taniguchi, F., Harada, T., Ito, M., Yoshida, S., Iwabe, T., Tanikawa, M., & Terakawa, N. (2000). Keratinocyte growth factor in the promotion of human chorionic gonadotropin production in human choriocarcinoma cells. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 182(3), 692-698.
