D Amino Acid Peptide Synthesis Service
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According to the central dogma established by classical naturalists and biologists, proteins/peptides were expected to be exclusively constituted by 20 building blocks, including 19 L-amino acids (L-AAs) and glycine, which is not chiral. At that time, special cases were reported for D-amino acids (D-AAs) containing proteins/peptides such as the presence of D-alanine in octopine derivatives from octopus.
From a functional point of view, these post-translational and chemical modifications in D-AAs containing proteins/peptides confer on them an unusual stereochemistry mostly related to enhanced resistance to enzyme-catalyzed breakdown.
It is worth mentioning the composition of retro-inverso (RI) peptides, also known as all-D-retro peptides or retro-enantio peptides, which are composed of D-AAs assembled in the reverse order to that of their parent L-sequence.
Figure 1 Representation of the planar structure and chirality of hypothetic L-, diastereomeric, all-D- and RI-peptides, also highlighting their pros and cons.
Advantages of retro-inverso peptides:
- structural stability
- spatial orientation
- side-chain topology
- the peptide's bioactivity
General applications of D-AAs containing peptides
- anticancer and antiinflammatory agents
- inhibitors of amyloidogenesis
- delivery agents
- antibacterial/antifungal, antibiofilm etc.
Reference
- Marlon H. Cardoso, Elizabete S. Candido. (2017). Peptides containing and retro-inverso peptides: D-amino acids General applications and special focus on antimicrobial peptides.
