Selectin Related Peptides
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Selectin is a kind of heterophilic and Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule, which can recognize and bind to specific glycosyl groups. It is mainly involved in the recognition and adhesion between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Selectin also known as selector protein, select lectin. It is a family of cell adhesion molecules, which is type I single chain transmembrane glycoprotein.
Types of Selectin
There are three members of the selector family: L-selection, E-selection and P-selection, in which E, L and P indicate that the endothelial cell, leukocyte and platelet of the three selectins were isolated from the endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets, respectively. L-selectin was first found as homing receptor on lymphocytes and later found to be expressed on all kinds of leukocytes, and P-selectin was found in the storage granules of platelets and endothelial cells. After activation, the cells can be transported to the cell surface within a few minutes, and E-selectin, which exists in the endothelial cells, is synthesized and transported to the cell surface after activation. The extramembrane region of each member had high homology and structural similarity, but there was no homology between the transmembrane region and the plasma region.
Function
The ligands recognized by selector are oligosaccharide groups, and the ligands found so far are molecules with siaglyl Lewis oligosaccharide or similar structure. An oligosaccharide group can exist on a variety of glycoproteins and glycolipid molecules and distribute on a variety of cell surfaces, so selector molecular ligands are widely distributed in vivo. Selectin, distributed in leukocytes, endothelial cells and platelets, participates in the process of leukocytes entering inflammatory tissues and lymphoid cells homing and retracing through blood vessels by mediating the recognition and binding of leukocytes and endothelial cells. It plays an important role in many physiological or pathological activities, such as glomerulonephritis, multiple sclerosis, blood coagulation, tumor metastasis insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and so on. Future studies will focus on how selectins interact with a growing number of other adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.
References
- Varki, A. (1994). Selectin ligands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91(16), 7390-7397.
- Etulain, J., Martinod, K., Wong, S. L., Cifuni, S. M., Schattner, M., & Wagner, D. D. (2015). P-selectin promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation in mice. Blood, 126(2), 242-246.
