RGD Peptides
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Introduction
The RGD peptides is a small peptide containing three amino acids of arginine-glycine-aspartate (Arg-Gly-Asp), which is widely distributed in various organisms and various tissues of the same organism. The RGD sequence is an essential component in a variety of biological extracellular matrices and plasma protein structures, and studies have found that RGD sequences are also present on the cell surface. RGD, a short tripeptide, acts as an important cell recognition site and signaling promoter and plays an important regulatory role in many life activities. RGD, as a recognition site for integrin interaction with its ligand, can specifically bind to 11 integrins, thereby promoting a series of physiological behaviors such as adhesion, migration, infiltration, and proliferation between cells and between cells and extracellular matrix.
Mechanism of action
The RGD peptides are capable of interacting with the cell integrin receptor integrin αυβ3. RGD peptides can destroy the signaling pathway between thyroid hormone and integrin, prevent the interaction of thyroid hormone and integrin to inhibit the activation of MMP-9, and ultimately inhibit the growth and invasion of multiple myeloma cells. RGD peptides completely prevent the transfer of polymorphonuclear cells on the surface of cultured human vascular endothelial cells, so RGD peptides can significantly inhibit SNB-19 and T98G tumor cells (glioblastoma cell line) against fibronectin and vitronectin. Adhesion and the adhesion activity of tumor cells to extracellular matrix plays an important role in local invasion of glioblastoma cells. In addition, RGD activates caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3, and suggests that molecules involved in mitochondria and Fas-dependent pathways are involved in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
Application of RGD peptides
As a site of action of integrin and integrin ligands, RGD sequences play an extremely important role in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. RGD peptides alone can cause tumor cell apoptosis, together with other anti-tumor drugs or methods. When used, it can increase the therapeutic effect of the tumor. In addition, RGD peptides act as a drug delivery vehicle in the process of targeting tumor cells.
References
- Kitayama, J., Hidemura, A., Saito, H., & Nagawa, H. (2000). Shear stress affects migration behavior of polymorphonuclear cells arrested on endothelium. Cellular immunology, 203(1), 39-46.
- Anuradha, C. D., Kanno, S., & Hirano, S. (2000). RGD peptide-induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells requires caspase-3 activation. Cell biology and toxicology, 16(5), 275-283.
