The definition of Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) PNAs are synthetic DNA analogs in which the phosphodiester backbone is replaced by repetitive units of N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine to which the purine and pyrimidine bases …
Obesity is a chronic, multidimensional problem which is being increasingly seen in younger patients. Besides obesity is becoming an epidemic in industrialized countries and is continuing to increase in developing …
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that is defined by raised plasma glucose levels, accompanied by complete or partial deficiency of insulin. Type II diabetes contributes to more than 90 % of …
Protein and peptide analysis employs many different tools to identify and characterize the immense variety of proteins that are expressed in a cell of any organism. Traditionally, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) …
The term ‘amyloid’ was first used in 1854 by Rudolph Virchow to describe abnormal brain tissue that was stained by iodine, suggesting that it was starch-like. It was later discovered that the amyloid …
Peptides & Proteins as Therapuetics The most frequently used peptide/protein drugs can be classified in three main groups. Group I includes exogenously administered protein drugs in case of a deficiency. …
The cytotoxin a-amanitin is a bicyclic octapeptide occurring in high concentrations in the deadly, poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides. The primary cytopathogenicity of the amatoxins is the inhibition of RNA polymerase …
Blood consists of red and white cells which, along with platelets, are all suspended in plasma. All peripheral blood cells are derived from a single cell type: the stem cell …
The growth of eukaryotic cells is modulated by various influences, of which growth factors are amongst the most important for many cell types. A wide range of polypeptide growth factors …
All creatures, from the simplest viruses to humans, have complex protein structures that are made up of the same 20 amino acids. In the process of studying the proteins, biologists …